Kubernetes

Confidential Containers 101: A Hands-on Workshop - Kubecon North America 2024 Fortifying AI Security in Kubernetes with Confidential Containers (CoCo) - Kubecon Europe 2024 Memory Armor for SPIRE: Fortifying SPIRE with Confidential Containers (CoCo) - Kubecon Europe 2024 Misfits - Feat. ContainerSSH and Confidential Containers (You Choose!, Ch. 3, Ep. 10) Confidential Containers: The Next Frontier in Cloud-NativeSecurity - Cloud Native Rejekts 2023 Building Container Defences Executable at a Time - KCD Bangalore 2022 PSP and Beyond - Kubernetes Bangalore Meetup June 2021 Hardening Kubernetes by Securing Pods - Rootconf 2019 State of Kubernetes Meetups - DevOpsDays India 2017 Making Kubernetes Simple For Developers - Rootconf 2017 Taking docker-compose to Production - Gophercon 2017 Lightening talk

Introduction In the realm of cloud computing, ensuring data privacy and security is paramount, yet profoundly challenging. One innovative solution to this challenge is Confidential Containers (CoCo)1, designed to provide an extra layer of security for data in use. However, deploying CoCo requires access to specialized hardware, which adds complexity. Beyond just finding the right hardware, the setup involves navigating a maze of technical specifications – from BIOS configurations to kernel versions – making the process daunting. ...

I recently cleared the CKS certification exam. So it is incumbent upon me to help you navigate this stress-bound exam. All the tips that are provided are either from accrued knowledge or from personal experience. Study Material During the study of CKA almost three years ago, I studied everything from the documentation. Back then, the documentation had less content hence it was comprehensible. But now, to go through the entire documentation was not practical. So I did the course by the killer.sh. This course is rich in information, exercises and tries to explain the basics. At the end of each section in the course, the trainer provides resources to read more on the given topic. I would recommend going through each and every resource provided. Don’t skip these. These resources will help you familiarize yourself with the Kubernetes documentation and support you during the exam. ...

The previous blog talked about generating self-signed certificates using a binary. It was a manual, cumbersome process where you had to generate the certificates using a tool, embed them into a Kubernetes Secret via Helm chart, and then use it. There is a better way of doing it! Which is what this blog will discuss. We will use a Helm chart, which has a couple of Kubernetes Jobs that generates the self-signed certificate, embed them in a Kubernetes Secret and finally update the ValidatingWebhookConfiguration or MutatingWebhookConfiguration of your choice. And that’s it. Life is simpler! ...

The client libraries that Kubernetes ships are meant to be imported, and you definitely don’t need this post explaining how to import them in your Golang based project. A simple go get ... should do the trick. But, what about the packages that are not meant to be imported? Or the ones that cannot be imported because of “technical reasons” ? Could you simply add them to your import statements in the .go file, and the go binary will do the right thing when you build the code? Well, let’s find that out! ...

UPDATE: There is a way to generate these certificates automatically. To find out how, read this post. If you are writing a webhook server for Kubernetes Admission Controllers like ValidatingAdmissionWebhooks or MutatingAdmissionWebhooks, you must expose it over HTTPS. To run these servers on HTTPS, you need TLS certificates. There are solutions available which you can use to solve this problem, first and foremost that comes to my mind is cert-manager. It is a great project and automates this problem. But it is an added dependency that you might have to keep running in your cluster. ...

In the previous blog, we discussed how any user without RBAC access to a Kubernetes secret can use a trick to access that secret. To mitigate that problem, we will use a validating admission webhook. But before looking at what sorcery this validating admission webhook server is, let us understand how Kubernetes handles the API requests. What are admission controllers? All requests going to the Kubernetes API server go through the following four steps: ...

You can gain access to any secret that you want in Kubernetes even if you don’t have RBAC permissions to get, list or view that secret. All you need is permission that allows you to do anything on pods and an ability to guess the names of secrets. With these two ingredients, here is how you can access any secret out there. Nasty User Here is a user called nastyuser who can only do stuff on pod objects. Everything else is forbidden. The user cannot list secrets, namespaces or deployments: ...

How do you monitor your own computer? Of course, using Prometheus, node-exporter and Grafana. You might ask why would you wanna do that when you can simply use the operating system provided, “System Monitor”. Well, yes, you can use that. But the data you get from the OS System Monitor is coarse-grained. OS system monitor is not configurable, but this stack is. It is like running htop but where you can go back in history, unlike htop, which only shows the current state. Using this stack of Prometheus, node-exporter, and Grafana is a proactive approach than being reactive to the problems that occur on a PC. Instead of digging later to figure out what went wrong, you are already collecting metrics so you can see on dashboards what went wrong. ...

If you are studying for the Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA) exam, you might have come across folks recommending Kelsey Hightower’s Kubernetes the Hard Way. It is an excellent first step for someone who has no idea about the components that form a Kubernetes cluster. As the name suggests, it is created so that you learn the Kubernetes building blocks the “hard way”. But all that can be intimidating to someone who hasn’t played with Kubernetes ever. Also, the guide uses Google Cloud as a platform to install everything, which mandates you to have a Google Cloud account. But don’t worry, there is a version of Kubernetes the Hard Way, which runs locally, hence free. Enter Kubernetes the Hard Way Vagrant! ...